01
01 Visual
Visual disabilities range from low vision to complete blindness and can include color blindness or sensitivity to brightness. These differences affect how people perceive content, independent of visual sharpness.
Common barriers include:
Missing text alternatives for images, controls, and structural elements
Videos without captions, transcripts, or audio descriptions
Low contrast between text and background
02
02 Auditory
Auditory disabilities range from partial hearing loss to complete deafness. Some people can hear sounds but struggle to understand speech, especially with background noise, including those who use hearing aids.
Common barriers include:
Audio or video content without captions or transcripts
Media players without caption support or volume controls
Inflexible caption settings (e.g., no text size or color adjustments)
03
03 Cognitive, learning, and neurological
These disabilities include neurodiversity, neurological conditions, and some behavioral or mental health disorders. They can affect how people process, understand, and interact with information—but not their intelligence.
Common barriers include:
Complex navigation and confusing layouts
Long, unbroken text without visual support
Distracting motion, flashing content, or unmuted background audio
04
04 Physical
Physical (or motor) disabilities affect movement, coordination, strength, or sensation, and can include conditions like tremors, paralysis, joint disorders, chronic pain, or limb loss.
Common barriers include:
Interfaces without full keyboard support
Controls that lack clear text alternatives
Missing orientation cues, structure, or navigational aids
05
05 Speech
Speech disabilities affect how clearly or easily a person can produce spoken language, including volume, clarity, or consistency—whether for people or voice-recognition systems.
Common barriers include: